Choosing the right cartridge for your hunting or target shooting needs can be a daunting task. When considering smaller calibers for varmints or small game, the 17 Winchester Super Magnum (.17 WSM) and the .22 Hornet often come up in conversation. Both offer impressive accuracy and flat trajectories, but which one reigns supreme? This detailed comparison will help you decide.
Ballistics: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The most significant difference between the .17 WSM and the .22 Hornet lies in their ballistics. The .17 WSM, a bottlenecked cartridge, boasts considerably higher velocity and flatter trajectory. This translates to extended effective range and increased energy downrange.
Velocity and Energy
| Cartridge | Typical Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .17 WSM | 20-25 | 3000-3300 | 350-450 |
| .22 Hornet | 40-46 | 2200-2400 | 200-250 |
As the table clearly demonstrates, the .17 WSM significantly outperforms the .22 Hornet in both velocity and energy. This difference is crucial for longer-range shots and achieving clean kills on game.
Trajectory and Range
The higher velocity of the .17 WSM results in a flatter trajectory. This means less bullet drop at longer distances, making it easier to accurately hit targets beyond the effective range of the .22 Hornet. The .22 Hornet's trajectory is noticeably more curved, demanding more precise aiming at extended distances.
Recoil and Accuracy
While the .17 WSM offers superior performance, it does come with a trade-off: increased recoil. The .22 Hornet's lighter recoil makes it more comfortable for extended shooting sessions, especially for less experienced shooters.
Accuracy is a key consideration for both cartridges. Both are known for their accuracy potential, but achieving high levels of accuracy depends heavily on the rifle, ammunition, and shooter's skill. High-quality ammunition plays a critical role in achieving the best accuracy with either cartridge.
Applications: Which Cartridge is Right for You?
The best choice between the .17 WSM and .22 Hornet depends heavily on your intended use:
.17 WSM Applications:
- Long-range varmint hunting: The increased range and energy make the .17 WSM ideal for hunting prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and other varmints at greater distances.
- Small game hunting: While capable of taking small game, the higher velocity may be overkill for certain applications, potentially causing excessive damage.
.22 Hornet Applications:
- Close-to-medium range varmint hunting: The .22 Hornet is perfect for varmint hunting within its effective range.
- Small game hunting: Its lower recoil and manageable energy make it suitable for a variety of small game, including rabbits and squirrels.
- Target shooting: The lower recoil and predictable trajectory of the .22 Hornet are advantageous for target practice.
Conclusion: The Verdict
There's no single "better" cartridge; the ideal choice hinges on your specific needs and priorities. The .17 WSM is the clear winner for long-range varmint hunting where high velocity and energy are paramount. However, the .22 Hornet shines in situations requiring less recoil, a manageable trajectory at closer ranges, and suitability for smaller game. Careful consideration of these factors will help you make the best decision for your shooting endeavors.
