Choosing between the venerable .45-70 Government and the more modern .444 Marlin often leaves hunters and shooters in a quandary. Both boast impressive stopping power and a rich history, but their strengths lie in different areas. This detailed comparison will dissect the key characteristics of each cartridge, helping you determine which is the best fit for your needs.
Ballistics: Power and Performance on the Range
Both cartridges are powerful, but their ballistic profiles differ significantly. The .45-70, a true heavyweight, delivers considerably more energy at the muzzle, typically exceeding 2,000 ft-lbs with heavier bullets. This translates to significantly greater penetration and knock-down power, particularly at longer ranges. However, this power comes at a cost – heavier recoil.
The .444 Marlin, while still potent, offers a more manageable recoil, making it a more comfortable choice for extended shooting sessions. It also boasts a flatter trajectory, slightly improving accuracy at longer distances compared to the .45-70, especially with lighter bullets.
Bullet Weight and Velocity:
- .45-70: Can utilize bullets ranging from 300 grains to over 500 grains, with velocities typically ranging from 1,800 to 2,200 fps depending on the load and barrel length.
- .444 Marlin: Generally uses bullets from 240 to 300 grains, with velocities around 2,100 to 2,400 fps. The lighter bullet weight contributes to the flatter trajectory and reduced recoil.
Recoil and Shootability: A Matter of Personal Preference
The .45-70's substantial recoil is a significant factor to consider. While manageable with proper technique, it can quickly become fatiguing, especially for newer shooters or during extended hunting trips. The .444 Marlin presents a more manageable recoil impulse, allowing for faster follow-up shots and increased accuracy over time. This makes it a more practical choice for many hunters.
Rifle Availability and Cost: Legacy vs. Modern
The .45-70 enjoys a far broader selection of rifles, ranging from classic lever-actions to modern bolt-actions and even single-shot break-actions. The availability of both new and used rifles, in varying price ranges, makes it an accessible option.
The .444 Marlin is primarily chambered in lever-action rifles, offering a smaller but still respectable selection of firearms from manufacturers like Marlin and others. The cost of .444 Marlin rifles can vary, but generally sits within a similar price range to comparable .45-70 lever-actions.
Ammunition Availability and Cost: A Consideration for Budget-Conscious Shooters
Both cartridges are readily available, but the .45-70 generally boasts a broader selection of factory ammunition loads, including various bullet weights and types. The price per round is often comparable, although prices fluctuate depending on market conditions and specific load.
Hunting Applications: Big Game vs. Medium Game
The .45-70 Government, with its superior power, is exceptionally well-suited for large, dangerous game such as elk, bear, and moose. Its heavy bullet delivers devastating stopping power, crucial when dealing with these powerful animals.
The .444 Marlin, while capable of taking larger game, is often considered more ideal for medium-sized game like deer and black bear. Its flatter trajectory and manageable recoil make it an excellent choice for hunters who prefer a more comfortable shooting experience.
Conclusion: The Right Cartridge for the Right Job
Ultimately, the choice between the .45-70 and .444 Marlin depends on individual hunting style, experience level, and the target game. The .45-70's raw power makes it a formidable choice for large and dangerous game, while the .444 Marlin provides a more manageable recoil and flatter trajectory for medium-sized game and hunters seeking a less punishing shooting experience. Careful consideration of these factors will guide you towards the most appropriate cartridge for your specific needs.
