Choosing between the .500 S&W and the .45-70 Government is like choosing between a modern muscle car and a classic American iron horse – both powerful, but with vastly different approaches. This comparison delves into the ballistic performance, recoil characteristics, intended uses, and overall practicality of each cartridge to help you decide which behemoth best suits your needs.
Ballistic Performance: A Tale of Two Titans
The .500 S&W and .45-70 Government both deliver substantial stopping power, but their approaches differ significantly. The .500 S&W, a relatively modern cartridge, relies on sheer kinetic energy delivered by a heavier, faster bullet. Expect muzzle velocities around 1800-2000 fps with heavier projectiles, generating impressive energy levels. This translates to significant penetration and devastating impact on target.
The .45-70 Government, a much older round with a rich history, achieves its stopping power through a combination of bullet weight and sectional density. While muzzle velocities are generally lower than the .500 S&W (typically around 1300-1800 fps depending on load), the heavier bullets and often larger diameter often lead to substantial penetration and energy transfer. The .45-70's heavier bullets can also generate significant knock-down power.
Recoil: A Force to Be Reckoned With
Let's be upfront: both cartridges kick like mules. The .500 S&W, due to its higher velocity and lighter bullet weight in many loadings, often delivers a sharper, quicker recoil impulse. This can be surprisingly difficult to manage for shooters not accustomed to heavy recoil.
The .45-70's recoil, while undeniably powerful, is generally considered a bit more manageable, often described as a slower, heavier push. The heavier bullet and slower velocity contribute to a recoil that's more of a sustained push than a sharp jolt. However, the difference is subjective and depends heavily on the specific load and firearm used.
Practical Considerations: Beyond the Range
Beyond raw power, practical considerations are crucial. The availability of ammunition is a key factor. While both calibers are widely available, the .45-70 boasts a longer history and a wider selection of ammunition types and bullet weights, including cast lead options which are significantly cheaper. The .500 S&W, being a more modern round, has a narrower selection but still provides ample choices for hunting and self-defense.
Another important aspect is the firearm itself. While both calibers are chambered in a variety of firearms, .45-70 lever-action rifles are readily available, adding another dimension to this cartridge's practicality. The .500 S&W is primarily found in revolvers, limiting its versatility.
Intended Use: Hunting, Self-Defense, or Both?
The intended use dramatically influences the choice. The .500 S&W shines as a potent close-range stopping power for large game hunting or as a self-defense option in extreme circumstances. Its power is undeniable, but its recoil and limited applications make it less versatile.
The .45-70, thanks to its availability in both rifles and handguns (albeit less common in handguns), is a more versatile option. It's well-suited for hunting large and dangerous game, and is historically preferred by many for hunting situations. Its longer range and heavier bullets make it more capable at longer distances than the .500 S&W.
Conclusion: The Right Tool for the Job
Ultimately, the "better" cartridge depends entirely on your specific needs and priorities. The .500 S&W offers unmatched stopping power at close range, but its recoil and limited availability in different firearm types might be deterrents. The .45-70 Government, while slightly less powerful in terms of muzzle energy in many loadings, boasts greater versatility, a wider range of ammunition options, and a more manageable recoil for extended shooting sessions. Consider your intended use, shooting experience, and budget carefully before making your decision.
