Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or long-range shooting requires careful consideration of various factors. Two popular choices often compared are the .500 Smith & Wesson Magnum (500 SW) and the .45-70 Government. While both deliver substantial stopping power, their strengths and weaknesses differ significantly. This in-depth comparison will help you decide which cartridge best suits your needs.
Ballistics: Power and Recoil
The .500 S&W Magnum is renowned for its sheer power. Firing massive bullets at high velocities, it generates incredible energy, making it effective for large game hunting at close to medium ranges. However, this power comes at a price: significant recoil. Managing recoil is a key factor in accurately and repeatedly shooting this cartridge.
The .45-70 Government, while also packing a punch, offers a more manageable recoil. While generating less raw energy than the .500 S&W, its heavier bullets and lower velocity create a smoother shooting experience, promoting better accuracy and follow-up shots. This makes the .45-70 an excellent choice for hunters who prioritize shot placement and comfortable shooting.
Bullet Weight and Velocity Comparison:
| Cartridge | Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .500 S&W Magnum | 350 - 500 | 1800 - 2000 | 3000 - 4000+ |
| .45-70 Govt. | 300 - 500 | 1800 - 2200 | 2000 - 3000 |
(Note: These are approximate values and can vary depending on the specific ammunition used.)
Hunting Applications: Game and Range
Both cartridges are effective for large game hunting, but their optimal applications differ.
The .500 S&W Magnum's immense stopping power makes it ideal for dangerous game, including bears and large boars at closer ranges. Its sheer energy ensures quick and reliable takedowns. However, the significant recoil can hinder accuracy at longer ranges.
The .45-70 Government is a versatile hunting cartridge suitable for a broader range of game, from deer to elk. Its manageable recoil allows for precise shot placement even at longer distances. Its heavier bullets deliver substantial energy, resulting in humane and effective kills.
Practical Considerations: Weaponry and Ammunition
The .500 S&W Magnum requires substantial handguns, often large and heavy. This can impact maneuverability and ease of carry. Ammunition for the .500 S&W is generally more expensive than .45-70 ammunition.
The .45-70 is available in a wider variety of firearms, including lever-action rifles, bolt-action rifles, and even single-shot shotguns, offering more flexibility in weapon choice. Ammunition is generally more readily available and less expensive.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
Ultimately, the best cartridge for you depends on your specific needs and preferences. The .500 S&W Magnum offers unmatched stopping power for close-range encounters with dangerous game, but its recoil and cost must be considered. The .45-70 Government provides excellent versatility, manageable recoil, and a wider range of applications, making it a strong choice for most hunters. Careful consideration of recoil management, intended game, and available weaponry is key to making an informed decision.
