AR-10s: Understanding the 80% Lower Market and Its Implications
The AR-10 platform, a larger-bore cousin to the ubiquitous AR-15, has gained significant popularity among enthusiasts and serious shooters. A key aspect of this market, and one that often sparks debate, is the availability of 80% lower receivers. This article delves into the world of AR-10 80% lowers, examining their legality, construction, advantages, and potential risks.
What is an 80% Lower Receiver?
An 80% lower receiver is a partially machined receiver blank that lacks the critical components necessary to function as a firearm. Crucially, it's missing the critical features needed to accept the firearm's other components, like the fire control group. This incomplete state allows it to avoid certain federal regulations associated with complete firearms. For the AR-10, this means the lower receiver—the heart of the weapon—is in an unfinished state.
The "80%" refers to the percentage of machining already completed; the remaining 20% needs to be finished by the buyer, often requiring specialized tools and skills. This process involves milling, drilling, and potentially other machining operations to complete the receiver's critical features.
Legality of 80% Lowers: A Complex Landscape
The legality of 80% lower receivers varies significantly depending on location. Federal law generally doesn't classify them as firearms, but state and local laws often differ widely. Some jurisdictions have enacted laws specifically regulating or banning their sale, manufacture, or possession. Before purchasing or attempting to build an AR-10 from an 80% lower, it's absolutely crucial to consult with legal counsel and thoroughly research the specific laws in your area. Failure to do so could result in serious legal consequences.
Advantages of Building from an 80% Lower
For some, the appeal of building an AR-10 from an 80% lower lies in several potential advantages:
- Cost Savings: Purchasing an 80% lower receiver can be significantly cheaper than buying a complete lower receiver, which may include additional markups from dealers and distributors.
- Customization: Building your own firearm allows for greater customization and the potential to tailor the rifle to specific needs and preferences. This applies not just to the receiver, but to the selection and assembly of other components as well.
- Avoidance of Background Checks (Potentially): In areas where regulations allow, the purchase of an 80% lower avoids the need for a background check at the point of sale. However, depending on location, completing the lower and assembling the firearm may still trigger regulatory requirements.
Risks and Considerations
While building an AR-10 from an 80% lower might offer some advantages, several crucial risks need to be acknowledged:
- Legal Ramifications: As mentioned previously, the legal landscape surrounding 80% lowers is constantly evolving. Even if legal at the time of purchase, changes in legislation could retroactively impact ownership.
- Safety Concerns: Improper machining or assembly of an 80% lower could result in a malfunctioning firearm, leading to dangerous situations. Inaccurate machining could create a weapon that is unreliable, prone to failure, or even unsafe to use.
- Liability: If a problem arises from a self-built firearm, the builder bears the responsibility. There's no manufacturer or retailer to hold accountable in case of defects or malfunctions resulting from the construction process.
Conclusion
The AR-10 80% lower receiver market presents a complex picture. While the potential for cost savings and customization is alluring, the legal risks and potential safety concerns demand careful consideration. Prospective builders must conduct thorough research, understand the relevant laws in their jurisdiction, and prioritize safety throughout the entire process. Improper handling or construction can lead to legal penalties and, far more seriously, personal injury or even death. Always prioritize safety and legal compliance above all else.
