The AR-15 platform, while generally reliable, can experience cycling issues. A malfunctioning AR-15 that won't cycle can be frustrating, but with systematic troubleshooting, you can often identify and resolve the problem. This guide will walk you through common causes and solutions, empowering you to get your rifle back up and running. Remember, always prioritize safety—ensure your firearm is unloaded before any maintenance or inspection.
Common Reasons Why Your AR-15 Won't Cycle
Several factors can prevent your AR-15 from cycling properly. These can range from simple issues easily fixed at home to more complex problems requiring professional attention. Let's explore some of the most frequent culprits:
1. Ammunition Problems: The Foundation of Reliable Function
- Poor Ammunition: Using low-quality, improperly loaded, or damaged ammunition is a primary cause of cycling failures. Look for signs of dented cases, inconsistent powder charges, or bullets that are seated improperly. Using reputable ammunition manufacturers is crucial.
- Incorrect Ammunition Type: Using ammunition that doesn't meet the specifications of your rifle (e.g., using .223 Remington in a 5.56 NATO chamber) can lead to malfunctions. Always verify your ammunition type matches your firearm's chambering.
2. Gas System Issues: Regulating the Cycling Process
- Gas Block Issues: A loose or improperly installed gas block can disrupt the gas flow needed for reliable cycling. Ensure the gas block is securely attached and aligned correctly.
- Gas Tube Problems: A clogged, bent, or improperly installed gas tube will similarly hinder gas flow. Inspect the gas tube for obstructions or damage and ensure it's properly seated.
- Gas Key Issues: A loose gas key (the part that connects the bolt carrier group to the gas system) can cause gas leaks, preventing reliable cycling. This often requires professional attention.
3. Bolt Carrier Group (BCG) Problems: The Heart of the Action
- Dirty BCG: A dirty BCG can impede its smooth operation. Regular cleaning and lubrication are essential for reliable function. Pay particular attention to the bolt face and cam pin.
- Damaged BCG: Inspect the BCG for wear, damage, or broken parts. A damaged extractor, firing pin, or other components can prevent reliable cycling. Replacement might be necessary.
- Improper BCG Lubrication: Insufficient or excessive lubrication can negatively affect BCG function. Use a high-quality gun lubricant and apply it sparingly.
4. Magazine Issues: Feeding the System
- Bent or Damaged Magazine: A magazine that's bent, damaged, or worn can prevent reliable feeding. Inspect your magazines for any imperfections and replace damaged ones.
- Magazine Lip Issues: Bent or improperly formed magazine lips can hinder round feeding. Check for damage and ensure the lips are properly aligned.
5. Other Potential Problems
- Improperly Installed Buffer Tube: A loose or incorrectly installed buffer tube can affect the recoil cycle's timing.
- Improperly Installed Handguard: Improper handguard installation can restrict gas tube movement or BCG travel.
- Defective Parts: In some cases, a defective part within the rifle itself can be to blame.
Troubleshooting Steps
- Start with the Basics: Begin by checking your ammunition, magazine, and BCG for cleanliness and damage.
- Inspect the Gas System: Carefully inspect the gas block, gas tube, and gas key for proper installation and function.
- Clean and Lubricate: Thoroughly clean and lubricate your BCG, paying attention to all moving parts.
- Test with Different Ammunition and Magazines: Rule out ammunition or magazine issues by testing with different, known-good options.
- Seek Professional Help: If you are unable to identify the problem after careful inspection and troubleshooting, seek assistance from a qualified gunsmith.
This comprehensive guide offers a starting point for diagnosing why your AR-15 won't cycle. Remember that firearm maintenance and repair can be complex. Safety should always be your top priority. If unsure about any step, seek the guidance of a knowledgeable gunsmith.
