Maintaining your AR-15 rifle is crucial for its longevity, reliable performance, and, most importantly, your safety. A clean weapon is a safe weapon. This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough of the AR-15 cleaning process, covering everything from necessary tools to proper techniques. We’ll focus on thorough cleaning, but remember, regular, less intensive cleaning after each range trip is highly recommended.
Gathering Your Arsenal: Essential Cleaning Supplies
Before you begin, ensure you have all the necessary tools and supplies. Improper tools can damage your firearm.
- AR-15 Cleaning Kit: A good kit will include a bore brush, cleaning rod, patches, a cleaning jag, and possibly a slotted tip for the cleaning rod. Ensure the bore brush is the correct caliber (.223 or 5.56).
- Cleaning Solvent: A high-quality solvent designed for firearms is essential for dissolving fouling and carbon buildup.
- Gun Oil: A lightweight gun oil will lubricate moving parts and protect against corrosion. Avoid using household oils.
- Cotton Patches: These are crucial for applying solvent and removing residue.
- Toothbrush (Optional): Useful for cleaning hard-to-reach areas.
- Shop Towels or Rags: For wiping down the weapon.
- Eye and Hearing Protection: Always prioritize safety.
Disassembling Your AR-15 for Cleaning
Important Note: Before you begin any disassembly, ensure your firearm is unloaded and the magazine is removed. Visually inspect the chamber to confirm it is empty. Point the weapon in a safe direction during the entire process.
The level of disassembly depends on your cleaning goals. For routine cleaning, you may only need to disassemble partially. For deeper cleaning after extensive use, complete disassembly is recommended.
Here's a general guideline, but always refer to your firearm's manual for specific instructions:
- Remove the Upper Receiver: Depress the takedown pins and separate the upper and lower receivers.
- Remove the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Pull the charging handle to the rear and remove the BCG.
- Disassemble the BCG (If necessary): Separate the bolt, cam pin, and firing pin retaining pin to allow for thorough cleaning. Caution: Be mindful of small parts and keep them organized.
- Remove the Buffer Tube and Buffer (Optional): This is generally only necessary for more thorough cleanings.
Cleaning the AR-15: A Step-by-Step Process
Now that your AR-15 is partially or fully disassembled, it's time for the cleaning.
1. Cleaning the Barrel:
- Attach the Cleaning Rod: Securely attach the cleaning rod to the cleaning jag. Avoid excessive force to prevent damage to the barrel.
- Apply Solvent: Apply a generous amount of solvent to a patch and attach it to the jag.
- Run the Patch Through the Barrel: Slowly and carefully push the patch through the barrel from the chamber end to the muzzle.
- Repeat: Repeat this process several times with fresh, solvent-soaked patches until the patches come out clean.
- Dry the Barrel: Run clean, dry patches through the barrel to remove any remaining solvent.
2. Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG):
- Clean all parts: Use a solvent and brush to thoroughly clean the bolt, cam pin, and firing pin. Pay close attention to carbon buildup.
- Remove residue: Use patches and a brush to remove any remaining carbon or residue.
- Lubricate: Once clean and dry, apply a thin layer of gun oil to all parts of the BCG.
3. Cleaning the Upper and Lower Receivers:
- Wipe down: Use a clean cloth or brush to remove any dirt or debris from the upper and lower receivers.
- Pay attention to details: Clean around gas tubes and any other areas where carbon or debris may accumulate.
4. Reassembly:
Carefully reassemble your AR-15, ensuring all parts are properly seated. Refer to your firearm's manual if needed.
Maintaining Your AR-15: Post-Cleaning and Ongoing Care
After cleaning, apply a thin layer of gun oil to all moving parts. Store your firearm in a cool, dry place, preferably in a gun safe or case. Regular cleaning and maintenance will extend the life of your weapon and ensure reliable performance.
Remember: Always practice safe gun handling, and consult your firearm's manual for detailed instructions specific to your model. This guide serves as a general overview. If unsure about any step, seek guidance from a qualified firearms expert.
