The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history dating back to the American Civil War, continues to enjoy immense popularity among hunters and shooters alike. Its potent stopping power and adaptability make it a favorite for large game hunting and target shooting. However, the cost of factory ammunition can quickly add up. This is where reloading comes in—offering a cost-effective and highly customizable way to enjoy this classic cartridge. This guide will cover the essential aspects of reloading .45-70 Government ammunition, catering to both beginners and seasoned reloaders.
Getting Started: Essential Equipment and Components
Before you begin reloading, you'll need the necessary equipment and components. Investing in quality tools is crucial for safety and consistent results.
Essential Equipment:
- Reloading Press: Choose a press suitable for the .45-70's powerful cartridge. A single-stage press offers precise control, ideal for beginners learning the process, while progressive presses are faster for high-volume reloading.
- Dies: A three-die set (sizing die, powder measure, and seating die) is necessary. A bullet puller is also a valuable addition for recovering bullets from misfires or mistakes.
- Powder Measure: Accuracy is paramount when measuring powder. A powder measure that dispenses consistent charges is crucial for safety and performance.
- Scale: An electronic powder scale is essential for precise powder charge measurement. Never rely solely on a powder measure; always double-check the weight of each charge.
- Case Trimmer: .45-70 cases often require trimming to ensure uniform length. A case trimmer with appropriate pilots is essential for proper case preparation.
- Case Lube: Lubricating cases before sizing reduces friction and prevents damage to your dies and cases.
- Bullet Seating Depth Gauge: This tool helps ensure consistent bullet seating depth, impacting accuracy and performance.
- Safety Glasses and Hearing Protection: Always prioritize safety while reloading.
Essential Components:
- .45-70 Cases: Choose high-quality brass cases for optimal performance and reusability. New brass cases are generally preferred for their consistency.
- Powder: Select a suitable powder for your intended use. Consult reloading manuals for recommended powder charges and data. Always adhere strictly to published loading data.
- Bullets: A wide variety of bullets are available for the .45-70, ranging from round nose for target shooting to jacketed hollow points for hunting. Choose bullets appropriate for your application.
- Primers: Large rifle primers are required for the .45-70.
The Reloading Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
The reloading process consists of several crucial steps:
1. Case Preparation:
- Cleaning: Remove any residual powder or debris from spent cases.
- Sizing: Resize cases to the correct dimensions using the sizing die.
- Trimming: Trim cases to the specified length for uniform cartridge length.
- Deburring: Remove any sharp edges from the case mouth and primer pocket.
2. Priming:
- Carefully seat a large rifle primer into each prepared case.
3. Powder Charging:
- Using your powder measure and scale, accurately measure the recommended powder charge for your chosen bullet and powder. Always double-check your powder charges.
4. Bullet Seating:
- Use the bullet seating die to accurately seat the bullets to the desired depth.
5. Crimping (Optional):
- Crimping helps secure the bullet in the case mouth, preventing movement during firing.
Safety Precautions:
Reloading is inherently dangerous. Always follow these safety guidelines:
- Consult reloading manuals: Always refer to published reloading manuals for accurate data specific to your components. Never deviate from recommended loads.
- Wear safety glasses and hearing protection: Eye and hearing protection are essential.
- Work in a clean, well-ventilated area: Avoid dust and flammable materials.
- Handle powder carefully: Avoid static electricity, sparks, and open flames.
- Never mix powders: Keep powders separate to avoid accidental contamination.
- Store components properly: Keep ammunition and reloading components away from children and unauthorized individuals.
Conclusion:
Reloading .45-70 Government ammunition offers significant advantages, including cost savings and the ability to customize your loads for specific applications. By following these steps and prioritizing safety, you can confidently reload your own ammunition, ensuring years of enjoyment with this powerful and historic cartridge. Remember, meticulous attention to detail and adherence to safety protocols are essential for successful and safe reloading. Always consult reputable reloading manuals and seek guidance from experienced reloaders if you have any questions or concerns.
